Researchers
investigating the combination of DOXIL(R) (doxorubicin HCl liposome
injection) and VELCADE(R) (bortezomib), the market leader in relapsed or
refractory multiple myeloma (MM), report that the combination of
medications provides a nearly three-month improvement in time to disease
progression (TTP) in the treatment of relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma
patients versus VELCADE alone. This planned interim analysis of data from a
global, multicenter, clinical trial was presented at an oral session here
today at the 48th Annual Meeting of the American Society of Hematology.
VELCADE currently is approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration
(FDA) for the treatment of relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma, a blood-
based, bone-marrow-derived cancer that affects an estimated 50,000
Americans, and accounts for approximately one percent of all cancers and
two percent of all cancer deaths.
The study results demonstrate that patients who received a combination
of DOXIL and VELCADE had 45 percent less risk of their disease progressing
and a statistically significant improvement in median TTP. (In this study,
TTP was defined as the interval between the date of randomization and the
date of disease progression-including relapse after complete response-or
death due to disease progression. In this study, it was the primary
efficacy study endpoint.) An independent data monitoring board conducted
the planned interim analysis and determined that the pre-specified
criterion for study success on TTP was met. As a result, patients still
receiving VELCADE and in the study were offered the opportunity to add
DOXIL to their regimen.
"This pivotal clinical trial suggests that the combination of DOXIL and
VELCADE may improve the prognosis for patients with resistant multiple
myeloma," said lead study investigator Robert Z. Orlowski, M.D., Ph.D., of
the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. "It confirms the
preclinical model demonstrating that this novel combination works
synergistically to more effectively eradicate plasma cells. It's highly
rewarding when basic science models exploring the potential of more
effective treatments translate into therapeutic advances."
Study Design
The study was a multicenter (144 sites in 18 countries), phase III,
randomized, open-label study of 646 patients with relapsed or refractory
multiple myeloma. Patients were assigned to either of two treatment groups:
VELCADE alone dosed at 1.3 mg/m2 intravenously on days one, four, eight,
and eleven of a 21-day cycle, or VELCADE at the same dose plus DOXIL 30
mg/m2 given intravenously on day four of the VELCADE cycle. Patients in the
study were treated until their disease progressed or they encountered
unacceptable side effects (treatment toxicity). The planned interim
analysis was performed after 230 progression events were observed.
Efficacy Findings:
The 324 patients randomized to the DOXIL/VELCADE combination were well-
matched with the 322 subjects randomized to VELCADE monotherapy in time
since initial diagnosis (44.9 months, versus 46.0 months), time since last
disease progression (3.0 months, versus 3.1 months), response to initial
therapy (91 percent, versus 92 percent), progression during initial
treatment (9 percent, versus 8 percent), and percentages of patients
receiving two or more lines of prior therapy (66 percent in both groups).
Among the patients receiving combination therapy:
-- The median TTP was 282 days (9.3 months), versus 197 days (6.5 months)
for patients randomized to receive VELCADE alone (p = 0.000004).
-- The hazard ratio for VELCADE monotherapy versus the combination therapy
was 1.82 (95 percent confidence interval, 1.41, 2.35). (A hazard ratio
greater than one indicates an advantage for the combination.)
-- The overall survival analysis showed a trend favoring the combination
therapy group, but the results were not mature (i.e., too few events of
death) and had not reached statistical significance (p=0.113) at the
time of the interim analysis.
-- There were 133 (43 percent) complete or partial responses in the
VELCADE monotherapy group and 144 (48 percent) in the combination
group. The difference in response rates was not statistically
significant.
Safety Findings:
Overall, the patterns of adverse events were consistent with the known
toxicities of DOXIL and VELCADE. There was an increase in clinically
relevant treatment-related adverse events associated with the combination
of DOXIL plus VELCADE, mostly due to increased hematologic adverse events
such as anemia (low red blood cell count), neutropenia (low white blood
cell count), thrombocytopenia (low platelet count), and gastrointestinal
adverse events (such as constipation, diarrhea, nausea and vomiting). The
incidences of serious adverse events (36 percent and 31 percent for the
DOXIL/VELCADE and VELCADE groups, respectively) and adverse events with
outcome of death (4 percent and 3 percent, respectively) tended to be
similar between the two treatment groups. The incidences of thromboembolic
events (blood clots) were one percent for both the combination and for
VELCADE monotherapy. The incidences of NCI CTC grade 3 or 4 cardiac events
were two percent for the combination and three percent for VELCADE
monotherapy; this difference was not statistically significant. Sixteen
percent of patients randomized to the combination experienced hand-foot
syndrome, whereas none of the patients receiving VELCADE monotherapy
experienced this side effect.
About DOXIL
DOXIL(R) currently is indicated for the treatment of patients with
ovarian cancer whose disease has progressed or recurred after
platinum-based chemotherapy. DOXIL currently is being investigated for the
treatment of multiple myeloma.
IMPORTANT SAFETY INFORMATION
BOXED WARNINGS
-- Myocardial damage may lead to congestive heart failure and may be
encountered as the total cumulative dose of doxorubicin HCl approaches
550mg/m2.
-- The use of DOXIL may lead to cardiac toxicity.
- Prior use of other anthracyclines or anthracenediones should be
included in calculations of total cumulative dose
- Cardiac toxicity may also occur at lower cumulative doses in
patients with prior mediastinal irradiation or who are receiving
concurrent cyclophosphamide therapy
- DOXIL should be administered to patients with a history of
cardiovascular disease only when the potential benefit outweighs
the risk
-- Cardiac function should be carefully monitored in patients treated with
DOXIL.
-- Acute infusion-related reactions have occurred in up to 10 percent of
patients treated with DOXIL.
- Serious and sometimes life-threatening or fatal
allergic/anaphylactoid-like infusion reactions have occurred
- Medications to treat such reactions, as well as emergency equipment
should be available for immediate use
- The majority of infusion-related events occurred during the first
infusion
- The initial rate of infusion should be 1 mg/mL to help minimize the
risk of infusion reactions. (see DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION section
in Prescribing Information)
-- Severe myelosuppression may occur.
-- DOXIL dosage should be reduced in patients with impaired hepatic
function (see DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION section in Prescribing
Information).
-- Accidental substitution has resulted in severe side effects. DOXIL
should not be substituted for doxorubicin on a mg per mg basis.
-- The use of DOXIL should be limited to physicians experienced with the
use of cancer chemotherapeutic agents.
CONTRAINDICATIONS
-- DOXIL is contraindicated in patients who have a history of
hypersensitivity reactions to a conventional formulation of doxorubicin
HCl or components of DOXIL.
-- DOXIL IS CONTRAINDICATED IN NURSING MOTHERS.
OTHER WARNINGS
-- Hand-foot syndrome (HFS) may occur; manage with dose modifications (see
DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION, Dose Modification Guidelines of the
Prescribing Information).
-- Should extravasation occur, DOXIL is not a vesicant but should be
considered an irritant (see DOSAGE and ADMINISTRATION section of the
Prescribing Information).
ADVERSE EVENTS
-- The most common non-hematologic side effects (.10 percent) reported
with DOXIL therapy included asthenia, abdominal pain, fever, pain,
mucous membrane disorder, back pain, infection, headache, nausea,
stomatitis, vomiting, constipation, diarrhea, anorexia, dyspepsia,
intestinal obstruction, peripheral edema, paresthesia, pharyngitis,
dyspnea, cough increased, hand-foot syndrome, rash and alopecia.
DOXIL is marketed in the United States by Ortho Biotech Products, L.P.,
and in Israel by Janssen-Cilag. Schering-Plough Corporation, under a
licensing agreement, has exclusive rights to market the medication as
CAELYX(R) throughout the rest of the world, excluding Japan. For more
information about DOXIL and to view the full U.S. prescribing information,
including the Boxed Warnings, please visit DOXIL.
About VELCADE
VELCADE is the market leader in relapsed multiple myeloma with over
50,000 patients treated worldwide. Data on single agent VELCADE already
demonstrate that it has been proven to extend survival of patients with
previously treated MM, providing a six-month survival advantage over
patients treated with standard therapy dexamethasone.
VELCADE is indicated for the treatment of multiple myeloma patients who
have received at least one prior therapy. Clinical trials are now underway
to investigate the potential of VELCADE in earlier settings and in
combination with other anticancer drugs to enhance treatment effects or
reverse resistance.
VELCADE is contraindicated in patients with hypersensitivity to
bortezomib, boron, or mannitol. VELCADE should be administered under the
supervision of a physician experienced in the use of antineoplastic
therapy.
Risks associated with VELCADE therapy include new or worsening
peripheral neuropathy, hypotension observed throughout therapy, cardiac and
pulmonary disorders, gastrointestinal adverse events, thrombocytopenia,
neutropenia and tumor lysis syndrome. Women of childbearing potential
should avoid becoming pregnant while being treated with VELCADE.
In 331 patients who were treated with VELCADE in a Phase III study, the
most commonly reported adverse events were asthenic conditions (61
percent), diarrhea (57 percent), nausea (57 percent), constipation (42
percent), peripheral neuropathy (36 percent), vomiting (35 percent),
pyrexia (35 percent), thrombocytopenia (35 percent), psychiatric disorders
(35 percent), anorexia and appetite decreased (34 percent), parasthesia (27
percent), dysesthesia (27 percent), anemia and headache (26 percent), and
cough (21 percent). Fourteen percent of patients reported at least one
episode of grade 4 toxicity; the most common grade 4 toxicities were
thrombocytopenia (4 percent), neutropenia (2 percent), and hypercalcemia (2
percent). A total of 144 patients on VELCADE (44 percent) reported serious
adverse events (SAEs) during the study. The most commonly reported SAEs
were pyrexia (6 percent), diarrhea (5 percent), dyspnea and pneumonia (4
percent), and vomiting (3 percent).
VELCADE is being co-developed by Millennium Pharmaceuticals, Inc.
(Nasdaq: MLNM) and Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical Research & Development,
L.L.C. Millennium is responsible for commercialization of VELCADE in the
U.S.; Janssen-Cilag is responsible for commercialization in Europe and the
rest of the world. Janssen Pharmaceutical K.K. is responsible for
commercialization in Japan. Beginning in 2007, Millennium and Ortho Biotech
Inc. will co-promote VELCADE in the U.S. VELCADE is approved in more than
75 countries worldwide. VELCADE also is approved in the European Union as a
treatment at first relapse.
About Ortho Biotech Products, L.P.
Ortho Biotech Products, L.P. is a leading biopharmaceutical company
devoted to helping improve the lives of patients with cancer and with
anemia due to multiple causes, including chronic kidney disease. Since it
was founded in 1990, Ortho Biotech and its worldwide affiliates have earned
a global reputation for researching, manufacturing and marketing innovative
products that enhance patients' health. Located in Bridgewater, N.J., Ortho
Biotech is an established market leader in Epoetin alfa therapy for anemia
management. The company also markets treatments for recurrent ovarian
cancer, rejection of transplanted organs and other serious illnesses. For
more information, visit orthobiotech.
Ortho Biotech Products, L.P.
orthobiotech
View drug information on Doxil; Velcade.